Polyurethane and epoxy coatings both protect surfaces, but differ in properties. Polyurethane cures faster, offers flexibility, UV protection, and is ideal for high-traffic areas and marine use. Epoxy is more chemical-resistant, making it suitable for harsh environments. Polyurethane is more elastic, while epoxy is stiffer and more durable against chemicals.

One-component polyurethane foam (OCF) is a pre-mixed, self-expanding foam used for insulation and sealing in construction. It comes in cans, expands upon application, and cures within hours. OCF is adhesive, weather-resistant, and requires safety precautions due to its flammability.

Hydroponic polyurethane foam offers a sustainable soil alternative for efficient plant growth and resource use. With high water absorption and reusability, it supports long-term cultivation despite challenges with non-renewable materials. Future research aims to enhance its environmental benefits and food security contributions.

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are used in floral design for their high water absorption and open-cell structure. Floral foams, available as wet and dry types, facilitate flower arrangement and vary in density. The synthesis process enhances water retention and balances hydrophilicity, though some foams may have limited strength for certain applications.

Polyurethane foam cosmetic sponges, or egg sponges, are ideal for makeup application due to their softness, bounce, and latex-free composition. They are available in polyether and polyester types, with polyether-based sponges offering better flexibility and durability. Proper cleaning is essential to avoid bacterial growth.

The problem of plastic pollution has been steadily increasing over time. In response, an American researcher at an agricultural research center has been studying a new approach to tackling this issue. The researcher has focused a significant amount of time on investigating the possibility of converting agricultural waste into bioplastics.

The polyurethane industry plays a crucial role in our lives and is often considered a measure of a nation's prosperity; thus, the Iranian Polyurethane Association began its activities in April-May 2021 with the aim of enhancing production and meeting national needs.