{"id":15626,"date":"2024-09-22T15:21:38","date_gmt":"2024-09-22T11:51:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imenpol.com\/blog\/en\/?p=15626"},"modified":"2024-12-30T14:35:01","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T11:05:01","slug":"odor-problem-in-polyurethane-foam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imenpol.com\/blog\/en\/educational\/odor-problem-in-polyurethane-foam\/","title":{"rendered":"Odor problem in polyurethane foam"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"15626\" class=\"elementor elementor-15626\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61edf14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"61edf14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7191e04 content-table elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"7191e04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;container&quot;:&quot;.table-contents&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__7191e04\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__7191e04\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__7191e04\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62d24ad  table-contents e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"62d24ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6889dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6889dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Odors are gaseous and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which affect the health of an individual. The odorous compounds are either a component of foam formulation or formed as a byproduct during the polymerization reaction.<\/p><p>Increasing environmental concerns over the emissions of VOCs during and following the production of industrial and consumer goods has stimulated efforts within the chemical industry to reduce and\/or control the ways in which such emissions may occur. Controlling emissions is considered to be the best approach. This requires an in depth understanding of how materials emit VOCs and their nature for example pollutant type, quantity and persistence, the related risks and potential control strategies (labelling, regulations).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2><strong>Does polyurethane foams release odors?<\/strong><\/h2><p>In fact, \u2018volatile\u2019 means that a substance can very easily become a gas, and \u2018organic\u2019 means that substance is carbon-based. VOCs come in many forms, including chemicals like benzene, acetone, formaldehyde and ethanol, and although many VOCs are indispensable during the manufacturing process of foams, it\u2019s not ideal to have them evaporating into the air you breathe at home every day.\u00a0Toluenediamine (TDA) isomers and adipic acid are found at higher concentrations when polyester-based polyurethane (PU) breaks down via hydrolysis, whereas glycol derivatives are found at higher concentrations when polyether-based polyurethanes undergo a photolytic breakdown process.<\/p><p>The distinctive smell of polyurethane foam, especially flexible foam could make it an unacceptable material; so, one has to ensure polyurethane foam lacks an unpleasant odor. In the polyurethane foam industry, especially in the automotive and the furniture sectors, efforts to reduce VOC emissions have greatly impacted the technologies used in manufacturing processes. It has now been found out that polyurethane materials which exhibit very low emission levels of VOC can be produced, most notably molded, also slabstock polyurethane flexible foams and elastomers, thanks to new catalysts, stabilizers and fillers.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2><strong>VOC emission from polyurethane foams<\/strong><\/h2><p>To determine which components of the complex foam mixture of VOCs could be primarily responsible for the perceived odor, gas chromatograph can be used. The following groups of additives will have the greatest release potentials from PU:<\/p><ul><li>Flame retardants<\/li><li>Heat stabilizers<\/li><li>Softeners<\/li><li>Anti-static agents<\/li><\/ul><p>In general, there were large differences in how much of an odor came from the PU foam in the various PU foam products when they were removed from their packaging; also, it can be said that there was a good correlation between the description of the odor and the total concentration of organic substances emitted from the PU foam (PUF) samples.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2><strong>Solution for polyurethane foams off-gassing<\/strong><\/h2><p>The unpleasant odors are due to the fact that many impurities contained in the materials used to produce PU foam have extremely low odor detection thresholds; i.e. they can be smelled even at very low concentrations. As an example, Ally ether contained in polyol as impurities convert to aldehydes by acid hydrolysis and they convert to odor compounds; as a result, by reducing impurities low VOC and smell PUF can be developed. PUF odor compounds are generally either amino compounds from catalyst or aldehydes.<\/p><p>Another method of reducing odor is to replace previously used volatile catalysts with high boiling point amines or use new catalyst systems based on matrix linked reactive amines. The mentioned characteristics result in not only lower odors during the manufacture of foam but also in lower residual odors in the foam product. In other words, since the amine becomes part of the polymer, such approaches limit their migration and volatilization.<\/p><p>Since many PUF products are covered by e.g. a layer of material (in the case of mattresses and pillows), photochemical breakdown in these consumer products will be significantly less severe than that in e.g. PUF products exposed to direct sunlight. The VOCs formed in the breakdown process, depending on the material.<\/p><p>Some automotive interior foams include seat cushions, head restraints, and steering wheels. Amine catalysts remaining in the foam structure evaporate and release an amine odor and deposit inside the windshield; this phenomenon is called fogging (Silicone surfactants and antioxidants also cause fogging problems).<\/p><p>In a case study about mattresses made of polyurethane foam, results strongly demonstrate that they are a significant source for VOC emissions. Also, environmental conditions may influence VOC emissions. Elevated temperature (due to human metabolism), high humidity, and CO2 concentrations (resulting from human sweating and respiration) create a unique environment and possibly changing emission rates. Changes in VOC emissions are affected by both physicochemical properties of the VOC (e.g., boiling temperature), the way it is incorporated into the solid PUF matrix and the mattress porosity. Thus, the specific VOCs emitted from everyday consumer items like mattresses can obviously vary for different products and the rate of emission also varies.<\/p><p>In conclusion, there\u2019s no definite rule to this, and a foam\u2019s composition will dictate what VOCs are released and for how long. Therefore, designing formulation with low VOCs is of great importance. It\u2019s worth noting that, the formulations which are developed in Imen Polymer Chemie Company have the lowest emission odors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Odors are gaseous and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which affect the health of an individual. The odorous compounds are either a component of foam formulation or formed as a byproduct during the polymerization reaction.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[85],"class_list":["post-15626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-educational","tag-polyurethane-foam-articles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Odor problem in polyurethane foam - Imenpol blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Imenpol blog\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/imenpol.com\/blog\/en\/educational\/odor-problem-in-polyurethane-foam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Odor problem in polyurethane foam - 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